Class : 3EB06
NPM : 24214968
Vaping
may cause heart problems too: Study
Smokers have found
vaping as a “healthier alternative” to regular cigarettes, but a recent
series of tests has revealed that e-cigarettes damage key blood vessels.
During a large
gathering of heart experts in Rome last week, Prof. Robert West of University
College in London said that the devices “are far more dangerous than people
realize.”
Last year, health
officials claimed that e-cigarettes were 95 percent safer than tobacco and that
doctors would prescribe them alongside nicotine patches and gum to help
smokers quit.
The new trials,
however, revealed that vaping triggers levels of damage to key blood vessels
similar to smoking tobacco, known as “arterial stiffness,” a main predictor of
heart disease.
EXPLANATION
THE COMPONENT OF THE SENTENCES
Vaping
// may
cause // heart problems too: Study
S
//
V
// O
-
The Subject of the title belongs to Gerund. Gerund is a verb that functions
as a noun so it can function as a subject, object and complement. Gerund as
subject can stand alone (a phrase).
-
The Predicate is may cause. May (Modal Auxiliary) and Cause (Main Verb).
ü Modal Auxiliary Verb
is a word placed before the main verb to modify the meaning of the main verb. May to declare possibility in the
present and future which is 50 percent can happen.
ü Aside
from being a noun, Cause can also
function as a Verb which means causing something to happen (usually something
bad).
-
The Object is heart problems too
Smokers
// have found // vaping //
as a “healthier alternative” to regular cigarettes,
S // V // O // Circumstance
but // a recent series of tests // has
revealed // that //
Conj // S // V // //
e-cigarettes
// damage // key blood vessels.
S // V // O
-
The tenses of the sentence is Present Perfect Tense. It is used to
describe an activity that has been done at this time. The present perfect is
used to indicate a link between the present and the past.
-
Smokers
is The Subject.
-
Have found
is Predicate. Have (Auxiliary Verb)
and Found (Main Verb).
-
Vaping
is The Object.
-
Circumstance explaining the smokers’s
opinion about vaping.
-
But
is a Coordinate Conjunction.
ü Coordinate Conjunction are words that connect
phrases, clauses and other words. But is a form of coordinate conjunction in
English, but has meaning to express a contradiction.
-
That
is Relative Pronoun which used to connect a sentence.
ü Which and That
are a form of relative pronoun in English, but has a different ways of using
it.
ü Which used to replace objects in relative clause, so
which cannot be used for humans. That
used to explain all things
including objects and humans.
During
// a large gathering of heart experts in Rome last week, //
Preposition // Noun Phrase
Prof Robert West of University College
in London said that the devices “are far more dangerous than people realize.”
Direct
Object
- This sentence is Adjectival Prepositional Phrase. It is the preposition phrase
(preposition + object of preposition) used to describe noun or pronoun such as
adjective. Its position after the noun it explained. In a sentence, the noun it
describes may serve as subject, predicate, direct object, or indirect object.
Adjectival prepositional phrase says "which one" about the noun.
ü During
is The Preposition. We use
"during" to talk about "period of time". This preposition
is used when two things happen at the same time.
ü A
large gathering of heart experts in Rome last week, Prof. Robert West of
University College in London said that the devices “are far more dangerous than
people realize.” is The
Object Of Preposition.
-
A large of gathering of heart experts in
Rome last week is a Noun Phrase.
- Prof. Robert West of University College
in London said that the devices “are far more dangerous than people realize.”
is the Direct Object.
-
The devices is refers to Vaping. It
means Vaping is far more dangerous than people realize.
Last
year, // health officials // claimed // that
// e-cigarettes // were //
Adv
of time // S // V // // S // to be //
95 percent safer // than // tobacco
// and // that // doctors // would prescribe //
Comparative Adj // // O // Conj // // S // V //
them // alongside nicotine patches and gum to
help smokers quit.
O // Direct Object
-
Adverb
of time is an adverb to state or explain the time of an
event. Words that are usually used to declare adverb of time include: today,
now, tomorrow, yesterday, since, etc.
-
Health officials
is Subject.
-
Claimed
is Verb.
-
To
be
is a word that is usually included in a sentence. A kind of affirmation on a
subject and a word that follows. Miscellaneous to be: is, am, are, was, were,
has, had, have, do, does.
-
Safer is Comparative Adjectives.
ü Comparative Adjectives
are used to compare differences between the two objects they modify (larger,
smaller, faster, higher). They are used in sentences where two nouns are
compared, in this pattern: Noun
(Subject) + To be + Comparative Adjective + than + Noun (Object)
-
Would prescribe
is Predicate. Would (Auxiliary Verb)
and Prescribe (Main Verb).
ü Auxiliary Verb is
a verb that adds functional or
grammatical meaning to the clause
in which it appears, such as to express tense, aspect,
modality,
voice,
emphasis, etc. Auxiliary verbs usually accompany a main verb.
-
Them is the object that belongs to
e-cigarettes
-
Direct
Object is a word or group of words representing the person
or thing upon which the action of a verb is performed or toward which it is
directed: in English, generally coming after the verb, without a preposition.
The
new trials // however // revealed // that // vaping
// triggers //
S // Conj // V // // S // V //
levels of damage to key blood vessels
similar to smoking tobacco //
O
known as “arterial stiffness,” a main predictor of heart disease.
Adv
Adv
-
The new trials
is the subject.
-
However
is Coordinate Conjunction. It is
used for more formal / official situations. However it is followed by a comma
and can be placed at the beginning or end of a sentence.
ü Conjunctions
are words that link other words, phrases, or clauses together. Conjunctions has
3 type :
1. Coordinating
Conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions allow you to join words,
phrases, and clauses of equal grammatical rank in a sentence. The most common
coordinating conjunctions are for, and,
nor, but, or, yet, and so.
2. Correlative
Conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions
that work together. Some examples are either/or, neither/nor, and not
only/but also.
3. Subordinating
Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions join independent and
dependent clauses. A subordinating conjunction can signal a cause-and-effect
relationship, a contrast, or some other kind of relationship between the
clauses. Some example are after,
although, as, as if, as long as, as much as, as soon as, as though, because,
before, by the time, even if, even though, if, in order that, in case, in the
event that, lest , now that, once, only, only if, provided that, since, so,
supposing, that, than, though, till, unless, until, when, whenever, where,
whereas, wherever, whether or not, while
REFERENCE
https://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-prepositional-phrase
https://www.wordsmile.com/for-during
