Senin, 17 Juli 2017

FINAL ASSIGNMENT OF BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2

Name  : Hesti Ernawati
Class   : 3EB06
NPM   : 24214968

Vaping may cause heart problems too: Study
Smokers have found vaping as a “healthier alternative” to regular cigarettes, but a recent series of tests has revealed that e-cigarettes damage key blood vessels.
During a large gathering of heart experts in Rome last week, Prof. Robert West of University College in London said that the devices “are far more dangerous than people realize.”
Last year, health officials claimed that e-cigarettes were 95 percent safer than tobacco and that doctors would prescribe them alongside nicotine patches and gum to help smokers quit.
The new trials, however, revealed that vaping triggers levels of damage to key blood vessels similar to smoking tobacco, known as “arterial stiffness,” a main predictor of heart disease.

EXPLANATION THE COMPONENT OF THE SENTENCES
Vaping // may cause // heart problems too: Study

S         //        V        //         O

-          The Subject of the title belongs to Gerund. Gerund is a verb that functions as a noun so it can function as a subject, object and complement. Gerund as subject can stand alone (a phrase).
-          The Predicate is may cause. May (Modal Auxiliary) and Cause (Main Verb).
ü  Modal Auxiliary Verb is a word placed before the main verb to modify the meaning of the main verb. May to declare possibility in the present and future which is 50 percent can happen.
ü  Aside from being a noun, Cause can also function as a Verb which means causing something to happen (usually something bad).
-          The Object is heart problems too


Smokers // have found // vaping  // as a “healthier alternative” to regular cigarettes,
S      //         V        //       O    //               Circumstance

but   // a recent series of tests // has revealed // that //
Conj   //          S                     //           V         //        //      

e-cigarettes // damage // key blood vessels.
S          //          V         //          O

-          The tenses of the sentence is Present Perfect Tense. It is used to describe an activity that has been done at this time. The present perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past.
-          Smokers is The Subject.
-          Have found is Predicate. Have (Auxiliary Verb) and Found (Main Verb).
-          Vaping is The Object.
-          Circumstance explaining the smokers’s opinion about vaping.
-          But is a Coordinate Conjunction.
ü  Coordinate Conjunction are words that connect phrases, clauses and other words. But is a form of coordinate conjunction in English, but has meaning to express a contradiction.
-          That is Relative Pronoun which used to connect a sentence.
ü  Which and That are a form of relative pronoun in English, but has a different ways of using it.
ü  Which used to replace objects in relative clause, so which cannot be used for humans. That used to explain all things including objects and humans.

During // a large gathering of heart experts in Rome last week, //
Preposition         //                  Noun Phrase                                       

Prof Robert West of University College in London said that the devices “are far more dangerous than people realize.”
Direct Object

-        This sentence is Adjectival Prepositional Phrase. It is the preposition phrase (preposition + object of preposition) used to describe noun or pronoun such as adjective. Its position after the noun it explained. In a sentence, the noun it describes may serve as subject, predicate, direct object, or indirect object. Adjectival prepositional phrase says "which one" about the noun.
ü  During is The Preposition. We use "during" to talk about "period of time". This preposition is used when two things happen at the same time.
ü  A large gathering of heart experts in Rome last week, Prof. Robert West of University College in London said that the devices “are far more dangerous than people realize.” is The Object Of Preposition.
-          A large of gathering of heart experts in Rome last week is a Noun Phrase.
-         Prof. Robert West of University College in London said that the devices “are far more dangerous than people realize.” is the Direct Object.
-          The devices is refers to Vaping. It means Vaping is far more dangerous than people realize.


Last year, // health officials // claimed // that // e-cigarettes // were //
Adv of time   //        S       //   V         //       //         S         //  to be   //

95 percent safer // than // tobacco // and // that // doctors // would prescribe // 
Comparative Adj //    //     O       // Conj //     //      S     //         V           //                

them // alongside nicotine patches and gum to help smokers quit.
O    //        Direct Object

-          Adverb of time is an adverb to state or explain the time of an event. Words that are usually used to declare adverb of time include: today, now, tomorrow, yesterday, since, etc.
-          Health officials is Subject.
-          Claimed is Verb.
-          To be is a word that is usually included in a sentence. A kind of affirmation on a subject and a word that follows. Miscellaneous to be: is, am, are, was, were, has, had, have, do, does.
-          Safer is Comparative Adjectives.
ü  Comparative Adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects they modify (larger, smaller, faster, higher). They are used in sentences where two nouns are compared, in this pattern: Noun (Subject) + To be + Comparative Adjective + than + Noun (Object)
-          Would prescribe is Predicate. Would (Auxiliary Verb) and Prescribe (Main Verb).
ü  Auxiliary Verb is a verb that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it appears, such as to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc. Auxiliary verbs usually accompany a main verb.
-          Them is the object that belongs to e-cigarettes
-          Direct Object is a word or group of words representing the person or thing upon which the action of a verb is performed or toward which it is directed: in English, generally coming after the verb, without a preposition.


The new trials // however // revealed // that // vaping // triggers // 
  S     //   Conj  //  V   //    //   S     //      V     //                                             

levels of damage to key blood vessels similar to smoking tobacco // 
                        O                                                                    
known as “arterial stiffness,” a main predictor of heart disease.
                      Adv

-          The new trials is the subject.
-          However is Coordinate Conjunction. It is used for more formal / official situations. However it is followed by a comma and can be placed at the beginning or end of a sentence.
ü  Conjunctions are words that link other words, phrases, or clauses together. Conjunctions has 3 type :
1.      Coordinating Conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions allow you to join words, phrases, and clauses of equal grammatical rank in a sentence. The most common coordinating conjunctions are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so.
2.      Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together. Some examples are either/or, neither/nor, and not only/but also.
3.      Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions join independent and dependent clauses. A subordinating conjunction can signal a cause-and-effect relationship, a contrast, or some other kind of relationship between the clauses. Some example are after, although, as, as if, as long as, as much as, as soon as, as though, because, before, by the time, even if, even though, if, in order that, in case, in the event that, lest , now that, once, only, only if, provided that, since, so, supposing, that, than, though, till, unless, until, when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever, whether or not, while

REFERENCE


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